If two individuals of the same weight each consume four shots of vodka, who will have a higher alcohol concentration?

The correct choice reflects the significant physiological differences between men and women that affect Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC). Typically, women have a higher BAC than men after consuming the same amount of alcohol, assuming similar weight and the same alcohol consumption rate. This phenomenon is primarily due to body composition and metabolism.

Women generally have a higher percentage of body fat and a lower percentage of water compared to men. Since alcohol is water-soluble but not fat-soluble, it is diluted in the body's water content. Therefore, with the same amount of alcohol consumed, a woman, with her lower water volume in comparison to her body weight, will experience a higher concentration of alcohol in the bloodstream.

Additionally, hormonal factors may also play a role, as women may metabolize alcohol differently during certain phases of their menstrual cycle. These aspects contribute to the reason why the woman would have a higher alcohol concentration than the man after consuming equal amounts of alcohol, even when their weight is identical.